Finally, when all these documents had been used wherever necessary, they were archived in tablet-containers, which were tagged with. «workers for 1 day»). 22 workdays) were in service at the threshing floor of the field of Urgar. 361-451. Thus, the deliverer, one of the participants in the, transfer, was usually expressed through the idiom, «from PN». Les vice-rois réglementèrent les fonctions de l’auditeur et établirent le nombre et la typologie de ses livres de comptes. 22The Viceroy's laws of 1622 established that the Chief accountant’s staff members should be five ordinary assistants and one extraordinary assistant. B. Solution pour COMPTABILITES RELIGIEUSES dans les mots croisés, mots flèches et 4 autres réponses possibles. Here follows an excerpt from the section of the goldsmiths showing the correspondence between individual receipts and the summary: 351 silver sceptre weighing 362 grams, 1 bronze spear point, 1 bronze sceptre, 1 bronze standard?, 1 mace made of mangrove wood from Meluhha, 1 mace made of almond wood (set with) gold on its reverse, from Amar-IÅ¡kur; 975 grams of copper for (making) harvest knives, from IlÅ¡u-rabi. Lo Forte Scirpo, Società ed economia a Palermo nel sec. Pour le Comité des Constructeurs Français d’Automobiles (CCFA), la protection de vos données est une priorité. In this royal town, whose exact location remains unknown, , or in its surrounding area, an archive of more than 1,500 tablets from the household of princess, Simat-IÅ¡taran and her husband Å u-Kabta was discovered and sold by looters, . 215f. The seal impression was the result of rolling a cylinder seal over the surface of the tablet. Their size and length are variable, from texts of one or two lines, to others much longer, as for example MVN 15, 390, the longest Ur III text known at present, with 1,663 lines. 45-86; AI-Mutawalli, N. and Ali Ubeid Shalkham, «From the Archive of di.ku5-mÄ«Å¡ar: Excavation of Drehem (Ancient PuzriÅ¡-dDagan) », Sumer 59, 2014, pp. 40 - II faut encore une fois distinguer ici le monde des grandes entreprises de celui des petites sociétés anonymes. The Maestri razionali audited the accounts of the Treasurer and of the patrimonial officers; together with the Conservatore, they drew the final statements. cit., p. 245. BPOA 11, Madrid, 2013, pp. 30 See Steinkeller, P., « Archival Practices at Babylonia in the Third Millennium », in Maria Brosius (ed. 22In 1894, Ernest de Sarzec excavated at Girsu (Tellō), the capital of the largest and richest province of the Ur III state, an enormous archive of some 30,000 cuneiform tablets, later identified with the provincial archive. letter-orders), or in some way of type d (e.g. 40 See Steinkeller, P., «Archival Practices at Babylonia in the Third Millennium», op. To this area also belongs a small group of texts apparently from the household of princess Å u-EÅ¡tar, a rural estate most probably very similar to the one belonging to Simat-IÅ¡taran, whose location cannot be ascertained either, In the area of PuzriÅ¡-Dagān and Nippur a huge archive of no doubt much more than one thousand tablets, from ancient Irisaĝrig, was also found by looters, . 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ASCP: City Historical Archive of Palermo: AGS: Archivo General de Simancas (Valladolid). All statistical data provided in this contribution are based on BDTNS. Die Verwaltungsorganisation der Finanzen des Königreiches von Sizilien und die Kontrollsysteme ab dem Zentrum bis zum Umkreis sind gekannt. All these balanced accounts, inspection lists, inventories, receipt tablets, labels and bullae are only a sample of the rich typology of administrative texts that inform us about the accounting procedures in Ur III times. 38-40, with previous literature. Logically, the capital of the state, Ur, was the place where the archives remained longest in use: the final dated texts belong to IS 23. b) The names of the years recalled important events related to the territorial policy of the Ur III kings (military expeditions against this or that city, etc. Chercher des anagrammes avec les lettres tés. -ox-drivers, 29 menials, (have worked) for 130 days; its labour: 23,790 workdays (lit. 10  G. Giarrizzo, La Sicilia dal Cinquecento all’Unità d’Italia, in V. D’Alessandro, G. Giarrizzo, La Sicilia dal Vespro all’Unità d’Italia, Torino,Utet,  1989, p. 256s. Geburtstag gewidmet von seinen Freunden, Kollegen und Schülern. At the end of this section: Total (a+b) of expected labour performance (expressed in workdays) for the year just concluded, summarized as «debits» (s a ĝ – n í ĝ – g u r 11 – r a). To compile them, a quite stable system of equivalences was used, according to which products and work were converted into its equivalent value at fixed conversion rates. En revanche, on connaît peu les innovations techniques et institutionelles dans l’administration financière des villes siciliennes. Se conocen bien la organización administrativa de la hacienda del REino de Sicilia y los sistemas de control del centro sobre la periferia. 39How this process worked will be better understood with the example of balanced accounts issued at Umma to monitor the labour performed by workers throughout the province40. 178-186. 7  The researches of Antonino Giuffrida demonstrate the use of the double entry bookkeeping in the documents of the Treasurer from 1557 on. Mots finissant par "tés", en français officiel. A more sophisticated variant of these summaries was the balanced accounts, , of which several hundreds have been published. This procedure had already been applied during the Sargonic period. A private archive would prevalently keep record of texts of type, , and particularly of the latter in the form of sealed receipts. As said above, the great majority of our texts come from large institutions, i.e. The good functioning of the ordinary and extraordinary administrative and supervising institutions could have assured an effective clawback of financial resources. ), the political life (coronation of kings), the state internal organization (foundation of the PuzriÅ¡-Dagān complex, recruiting of an army), religious events (appointing priests), or building works (erection of the Å ara temple, the wall against the Amorites, etc.). The fact that those periods could be of one or more years indicates that the containers were periodically revised and reorganized, denoting the existence of long-term archival procedures that are discussed below. A sample of this kind of sealed tablet is on Fig. The emerging picture is fragmentary and uneven, which is related to two main reasons: apparently most of the documentation … All these texts show in general very similar principles of accounting and administration, partly inherited from earlier periods, and partly fully developed and used by minor and major administrations under the rule of Ur III kings. This material constitutes the largest corpus of cuneiform texts for any period in the history of ancient Mesopotamia. ), or with their specific situation in a given administrative context. other legal documents). 399-421. Years were thus called after the same remarkable event in all royal, provincial, local and private administrations. Dieser Artikel behandelt Reformen zweiter Hälfte des XVI. There are many examples from PuzriÅ¡-Dagān and from the other administrations. Sometimes, original documents upon which the summary was based were quoted almost verbatim, and at others the information from small or large groups of texts was combined. CUSAS 6, Bethesda, 2011, pp. Some 96,000 of them are catalogued in BDTNS. 308f. The accounting procedure began with a job performed by a work-gang under the responsibility of a foreman (u g u l a). D. Taken globally, Ur III texts can be found today in at least 758 collections in 40 different countries. Once the work had been completed, a tablet sealed by an official from the «Fiscal Office» recording the completion was delivered to the foreman. 6 See Sallaberger, W., « Ur III-Zeit », Mesopotamien. 154 eren-ox-drivers, 29 menials, (have worked) for 130 days; its labour: 23,790 workdays (lit. Activités comptables. Finally, it is worth mentioning the archive of Ardaĝu, most probably found by looters at ancient E-Å u-Suen, a rural estate very closely located to Nippur, To sum up, more than one hundred years of illicit diggings, and to a very minor extent of official excavations, have brought to light a vast corpus of cuneiform tablets that document the accounting procedures of different types of administration. These works unearthed the sole (and scarce) cuneiform documents from Umma and PuzriÅ¡-Dagān discovered after official excavations22. 43A very interesting example of how these containers were classified and managed can be found in the following text recording their delivery: 1 gipisaĝ kiÅ¡ib lá-ì, 1 gipisaĝ kiÅ¡ib níĝ-kas7 nu-ak, 1 gipisaĝ kiÅ¡ib énsi ma-da, 1 gipisaĝ kiÅ¡ib a-gù-a ĝá-ra, kiÅ¡ib Da-da-ga, kiÅ¡ib pisaĝ-dub-ba, mu ús-sa a-rá 3-kam Si-mu-ru-um ba-hul-ta, mu Ur-bí-lumki-šè, 1 gipisaĝ kiÅ¡ib en8 tar, 1 gima-ad-lí-um kiÅ¡ib Lú-diĝir-ra.
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