The Kangxi Emperor lifted the prohibition, allowing foreigners to enter Chinese ports in 1684. It is surrounded by the South China Sea on all sides except the north, which neighbours the Guangdong city of Shenzhen along the Sham Chun River. As many as 14 people, including officials of China’s parliament, or National People’s Congress and members of the CCP, would probably be affected by measures such as asset freezes and financial sanctions, two sources said. The principle of “one country, two systems” allows for the coexistence of socialism and capitalism under “one country,” which is mainland China. In November, the State Department and Treasury Department imposed sanctions on four more Chinese officials in Hong Kong’s government and security establishment, barring them from travelling to the US and blocking any US-related assets they might have. [20][e], Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages,[16] the territory has become one of the world's most significant financial centres and commercial ports. [186] Post-handover governments have promoted Mandarin, which is currently about as prevalent as English; 48.6 per cent of the population speaks Mandarin, with 1.9 per cent native speakers and 46.7 per cent speaking it as a second language. Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR), is a metropolitan area and special administrative region of the People's Republic of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta of the South China Sea. [135][136], Ethnic minorities (except those of European ancestry) have marginal representation in government and often experience discrimination in housing, education, and employment. Leben 1842 noch knapp 7500 Menschen in Hongkong, so sind es um 1900 bereits über 260.000. The name translates as "fragrant harbour" or "incense harbour". Hong Kong's political and judicial systems may be integrated with China's at that time, or the territory may continue to be administered separately. [291] Children are required to attend school from the age of six until completion of secondary education, generally at age 18. [251], With few natural lakes and rivers, high population density, inaccessible groundwater sources, and extremely seasonal rainfall, the territory does not have a reliable source of freshwater. [300] The Chinese University of Hong Kong was established in 1963 to fill the need for a university that taught using Chinese as its primary language of instruction. [193] The city has the most billionaires per capita, with one billionaire per 109,657 people. Während des 2. [178] Examples include Lui Seng Chun, the Blue House in Wan Chai, and the Shanghai Street shophouses in Mong Kok. [3] Slightly over half the population (53.2 per cent) speaks English, the other official language;[2] 4.3 per cent are native speakers, and 48.9 per cent speak English as a second language. [189] Cancer, pneumonia, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and accidents are the territory's five leading causes of death. [283] The territory has participated in almost every Summer Olympics since 1952, and has earned three medals. [198] It is the world's 35th-largest economy, with a nominal GDP of approximately US$373 billion. With over 7.5 million residents of various nationalities[d] in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. [132], Hong Kong is governed by a hybrid regime that is not fully representative of the population. [275], Cantopop is a genre of Cantonese popular music which emerged in Hong Kong during the 1970s. Although the traders were expelled after military clashes in the 1520s,[52] Portuguese-Chinese trade relations were re-established by 1549. [72] [297][298], Comprehensive schools fall under three categories: public schools, which are government-run; subsidised schools, including government aid-and-grant schools; and private schools, often those run by religious organisations and that base admissions on academic merit. [302] The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,[303] Hong Kong Baptist University,[304] Lingnan University,[305] Education University of Hong Kong,[306] Open University of Hong Kong,[307] Hong Kong Shue Yan University and The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong were all established in subsequent years. [226], Hong Kong generates most of its electricity locally. Action to be taken against at least a dozen officials over the disqualification of Hong Kong legislators, Reuters says. Rice is the staple food, and is usually served plain with other dishes. The overwhelming majority (92 per cent) is Han Chinese,[6] most of whom are Taishanese, Teochew, Hakka, and a number of other Cantonese peoples. [54] Qing authorities established the Canton System in 1757 to regulate trade more strictly, restricting non-Russian ships to the port of Canton. Hong Kong has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), characteristic of southern China, despite being located south of the Tropic of Cancer. [146][147], In 2020, in a period of large-scale protests, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress passed the controversial Hong Kong national security law. [190] The universal public healthcare system is funded by general-tax revenue, and treatment is highly subsidised; on average, 95 per cent of healthcare costs are covered by the government. The remaining population purport mixed identities, 23 per cent as "Hongkonger in China" and 12 per cent as "Chinese in Hong Kong". ", "A Site Catchment Analysis of Hong Kong's Neolithic Subsistence", "Basic Law – the Source of Hong Kong's Progress and Development", "Relations with Maritime Europe, 1514–1662", "China's Overseas Trade Policy and Its Historical Results: 1522–1840", "Street Politics in a Hybrid Regime: The Diffusion of Political Activism in Post-colonial Hong Kong", "Hong Kong: Embracing a Fast Aging Society With Limited Welfare", "Lost in the Translation: Two Legal Cultures, the Common Law Judiciary and the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region", "The status of Cantonese in the education policy of Hong Kong", "Neolithic to Historic in the Hong Kong Region", "Octopus: The Growing E-payment System in Hong Kong", "How shall we examine and learn about public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the health sector? The State Department and the White House did not immediately respond to requests for comment. [281] The publicly funded Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, the territory's oldest professional symphony orchestra, frequently host musicians and conductors from overseas. Beijing has held military drills near the Taiwan Straits and has deployed marines and missiles to its southern coast. The … Etwa 150 Jahre lang war das Gebiet eine Kolonie von Großbritannien. Mainland firms represent over half of the Hang Seng Index value, up from five per cent in 1997. No longer part of the Commonwealth of Nations, the city's last appearance in the latter was in 1994. [217] The city has the second-highest number of corporate headquarters in the Asia-Pacific region. [228] Cross-boundary train service to Shenzhen is offered by the East Rail line, and longer-distance inter-city trains to Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Beijing are operated from Hung Hom Station. Evolving from Shanghai-style shidaiqu, it is also influenced by Cantonese opera and Western pop. The move triggered the mass resignation of pro-democracy opposition legislators in the Chinese-controlled territory. [269], Hong Kong developed into a filmmaking hub during the late 1940s as a wave of Shanghai filmmakers migrated to the territory, and these movie veterans helped rebuild the colony's entertainment industry over the next decade. Since resumption of cross-boundary train service in 1979, many rail and road links have been improved and constructed (facilitating trade between regions). The commissioner destroyed opium stockpiles and halted all foreign trade,[57] triggering a British military response and the First Opium War. 1865 wird mit der "Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd." die erste Bank der Stadt gegründet. [139][140] Foreign domestic helpers, predominantly women from the Philippines and Indonesia, have little protection under regional law. [170][171], Demand for new construction has contributed to frequent demolition of older buildings, freeing space for modern high-rises. News UK says China has 'broken its promises' on Hong Kong. The move also raised further alarm among western democracies. [311] RTHK is the public broadcaster, providing seven radio channels and three television channels. [155][156] About 40 per cent of the remaining land area are country parks and nature reserves. Hong Kong averages 1,709 hours of sunshine per year;[161] the highest and lowest recorded temperatures at the Hong Kong Observatory are 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) on 22 August 2017 and 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) on 18 January 1893. [89], Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, with executive, legislative, and judicial powers devolved from the national government. Legislative Council members elected by functional constituencies composed of professional and special interest groups are accountable to those narrow corporate electorates and not the general public. 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[250] Small-scale wind-power sources have been developed,[247] and a small number of private homes have installed solar panels. The sources did not provide names or positions of those being singled out for sanctions. [91] Under these terms and the "one country, two systems" principle, the Basic Law of Hong Kong is the regional constitution.[92]. Wegen der geringen Steuern und Zölle verlegen viele in China tätige britische Unternehmen ihren Sitz nach Hongkong. Cina - Hong Kong; Volksrepublik China - Hongkong live webcam Panoramablick des Victoria Harbour und der Stadt von Hongkong. [110] However, mainland criminal procedure law applies to cases investigated by the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR. [122] Hong Kong residents are not required to perform military service and current law has no provision for local enlistment, so its defence is composed entirely of non-Hongkongers. As Beijing's anxious interference has grown, the “one country, two systems” model China promised Hong Kong has slowly drained away in the years since the 1997 handover. [295] Mandatory education has contributed to an adult literacy rate of 95.7 per cent. [43] As hinted by the archaeological works in Sha Ha, Sai Kung, rice cultivation had been introduced since Late Neolithic period. [174] In 2016, 26.6 million visitors contributed HK$258 billion (US$32.9 billion) to the territory, making Hong Kong the 14th most popular destination for international tourists. The first modern competition was organised in 1976, and overseas teams began competing in the first international race in 1993. Sie liegt in einem besonderen Gebiet, in dem andere Regeln gelten als im Rest von China. The US official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said multiple individuals would be sanctioned. Jahrhunderts (Han-Dynastie) wurde das Gebiet des heutigen Hongkong von Han-Chinesen besiedelt, was durch die Ausgrabung einer antiken Begräbnisstätte bei Lei Cheung Uk in Kowloon zu Tage kam. [243] Junks, once common in Hong Kong waters, are no longer widely available and are used privately and for tourism. [287], Dragon boat races originated as a religious ceremony conducted during the annual Tuen Ng Festival. [129] The United States ended its preferential economic and trade treatment of Hong Kong in July, because it was no longer able to distinguish Hong Kong as a separate entity from Communist China. Conditions on the island improved during the Taiping Rebellion in the 1850s, when many Chinese refugees, including wealthy merchants, fled mainland turbulence and settled in the colony. Faced with a drug crisis, Qing officials pursued ever more aggressive actions to halt the opium trade. Beijing has previously condemned US sanctions related to Hong Kong, calling the measures interference in China’s internal affairs. 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[123], The central government and Ministry of Foreign Affairs handle diplomatic matters, but Hong Kong retains the ability to maintain separate economic and cultural relations with foreign nations. Over 100 airlines operate flights from the airport, including locally based Cathay Pacific (flag carrier), Hong Kong Airlines, low-cost airline HK Express and cargo airline Air Hong Kong.
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