They were charged with contempt and interfering with members of the council, while none of the pro-Beijing lawmakers were detained. The colony faced an uncertain future as the end of the New Territories lease approached, and Governor Murray MacLehose raised the question of Hong Kong's status with Deng Xiaoping in 1979. In October, the US State Department warned international financial institutions doing business with individuals deemed responsible for China’s crackdown in the Asian financial hub that they could soon face tough sanctions. To reduce the trade imbalance, the British sold large amounts of Indian opium to China. [242] Ferry travel to Macau and mainland China is also available. [314], Coordinates: 22°18′N 114°12′E / 22.3°N 114.2°E / 22.3; 114.2, Special administrative region in People's Republic of China, China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, Political reforms and sociopolitical issues, No specific variety of Chinese is official in the territory. The State Council (led by the Premier of China) appoints the Chief Executive after nomination by the Election Committee, which is composed of 1,200 business, community, and government leaders. The archaeological works revealed knapped stone tools from deposits with an optical luminescence dating between 35,000 and 39,000 years ago. By the early 1990s, Hong Kong had established itself as a global financial centre and shipping hub. [129][130], The territory is divided into 18 districts, each represented by a district council. Although they live and work in Hong Kong, these workers are not treated as ordinary residents and are ineligible for right of abode in the territory. [42], During the Middle Neolithic period, about 6,000 years ago, the region had been widely occupied by humans. [82] The central government decision to implement nominee pre-screening before allowing Chief Executive elections triggered a series of protests in 2014 which became known as the Umbrella Revolution. The government was forced to use substantial foreign exchange reserves to maintain the Hong Kong dollar's currency peg during the 1997 Asian financial crisis,[68] and the recovery from this was muted by an H5N1 avian-flu outbreak[78] and a housing surplus. [62][63] At the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Governor Geoffry Northcote declared Hong Kong a neutral zone to safeguard its status as a free port. [277] The genre's popularity peaked in the 1990s, when the Four Heavenly Kings dominated Asian record charts. "Hong Kong Activists Stare Down 'Great Firewall of China'", Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, "Education in Hong Kong and China: Towards Convergence? [273] When Bruce Lee's Way of the Dragon was released in 1972, local productions became popular outside Hong Kong. Private schools subsidised under the Direct Subsidy Scheme and international schools fall outside of this system and may elect to use differing curricula and teach using other languages. [174] In 2016, 26.6 million visitors contributed HK$258 billion (US$32.9 billion) to the territory, making Hong Kong the 14th most popular destination for international tourists. [35] Although the source of the romanised name is unknown, it is generally believed to be an early phonetic rendering of the Cantonese pronunciation hēung góng. Hongkonger and foreign women and girls are forced into prostitution in brothels, homes, and businesses in the city. [283] The territory has participated in almost every Summer Olympics since 1952, and has earned three medals. These schools are subject to the curriculum guidelines as provided by the Education Bureau. [58] After more than a year of further hostilities, Hong Kong Island was formally ceded to the United Kingdom in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking. The city has hosted a number of major sporting events, including the 2009 East Asian Games, the 2008 Summer Olympics equestrian events, and the 2007 Premier League Asia Trophy. [210] [106] These parties have aligned themselves into three ideological groups: the pro-Beijing camp (the current government), the pro-democracy camp, and localist groups. Hong Kong’s courts firmly divide the city from mainland China, where the opaque legal system is under the control of the Communist Party. Evolving from Shanghai-style shidaiqu, it is also influenced by Cantonese opera and Western pop. Etwa 150 Jahre lang war das Gebiet eine Kolonie von Großbritannien. Smaller kai-to boats serve the most remote coastal settlements. Piazza San Marco - Venice. Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842. Connections over fibre-optic infrastructure are increasingly prevalent,[254] contributing to the high regional average connection speed of 21.9 Mbit/s (the world's fourth-fastest). [22][23] Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade, and its currency, the Hong Kong dollar, is the eighth most traded currency in the world. British Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab says Beijing has breached its commitments under a 1984 treaty governing the handover of Hong Kong. [310], Three free-to-air television broadcasters operate in the territory; TVB, HKTVE, and Hong Kong Open TV air three analogue and eight digital channels. [249] Renewable sources account for a negligible amount of energy generated for the territory. Mainstream culture is derived from immigrants originating from various parts of China. [16] Further tensions between the British and Qing over the opium trade escalated into the Second Opium War. [234] Bus services operate more than 700 routes across the territory,[227] with smaller public light buses (also known as minibuses) serving areas standard buses do not reach as frequently or directly. The State Department and the White House did not immediately respond to requests for comment. The Qing were again defeated and forced to give up Kowloon Peninsula and Stonecutters Island in the Convention of Peking. [61] Kai Tak Airport began operation in 1924, and the colony avoided a prolonged economic downturn after the 1925–26 Canton–Hong Kong strike. Canazei - Piazza Marconi . [116] Mainland Chinese citizens do not have right of abode in Hong Kong and are subject to immigration controls. [226], Hong Kong generates most of its electricity locally. [56], In 1839, the Daoguang Emperor rejected proposals to legalise and tax opium and ordered imperial commissioner Lin Zexu to eradicate the opium trade. Seit Juni letzten Jahres wird in Hongkong immer wieder für mehr Demokratie protestiert. Poultry and seafood are commonly sold live at wet markets, and ingredients are used as quickly as possible. We are revisiting Hong Kong to see how the pandemic and the National Security Law have thwarted the fight for democracy. Lee Lai-shan won the territory's first and only Olympic gold medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. [263], Traditional Chinese family values, including family honour, filial piety, and a preference for sons, are prevalent. [89], Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, with executive, legislative, and judicial powers devolved from the national government. Realist evaluation of PPPs in Hong Kong", A List of Licensed Broadcasting Services in Hong Kong, Adaptation of Laws Programme – Guiding Principles and Guideline Glossary of Terms, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Akamai's State of the Internet – Q1 2017 Report, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Béthanie – The Academy's Landmark Heritage Campus, Developing a Supplementary Guide to the Chinese Language Curriculum for Non-Chinese Speaking Students, Economic development: Statistical Highlights, The UK's relations with Hong Kong: 30 years after the Joint Declaration, Written evidence from Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Guidelines on the Legislative Council Election, Hong Kong Energy Statistics – 2016 Annual Report, Human Development Indices and Indicators – Statistical Update 2018, The Profitability of the Banking Sector in Hong Kong, List of Political Affiliations of LegCo Members and DC Members, Literacy Rates Continue to Rise from One Generation to the Next, A Century of Railway Development – The Hong Kong Story, Grant to the Hong Kong Shue Yan University for Establishing a General Development Fund, "List of Historical Buildings Declared as Monuments from 1997 to 2006", Registration and Licensing of Vehicles by Class of Vehicles, Follow-ups on the Service Suspension of Tseung Kwan O Line and Part of Kwun Tong Line on 16 December 2013, and Report on Subsequent Major Incidents on East Rail Line and Light Rail, Report of the Task Force on Population Policy, Thematic Report: Household Income Distribution in Hong Kong, Report on Study of Road Traffic Congestion in Hong Kong, Technical Legislative Amendments on Traffic Arrangements for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, Triennial Central Bank Survey: Foreign exchange turnover in April 2016, Usage of Information Technology and the Internet by Hong Kong Residents, 2000 to 2016, Women and Men in Hong Kong Key Statistics, Final Report for Provision of Service for Fine Particulate Matter (PM, "Special Report: The mainland's colonisation of the Hong Kong economy", "Hong Kong ban on pro-independence candidates sparks backlash", "Hong Kong villagers using solar energy to help power their homes – and show its potential as a source of electricity for city", "The case for extending Hong Kong's 2047 deadline", "Too soon to talk about 2047? [44] Bronze Age Hong Kong was featured with coarse pottery, hard pottery, quartz and stone jewelry, as well as small bronze implements. Traditional Chinese values emphasising family and education blend with Western ideals, including economic liberty and the rule of law. LIVE Trending Webcams. The name translates as "fragrant harbour" or "incense harbour". AD Block . The MTR operates its Light Rail system, serving the northwestern New Territories. The territory was the first market outside mainland China for renminbi-denominated bonds, and is one of the largest hubs for offshore renminbi trading. Dutzende Festnahmen bei Protesten in Hongkong Tausende Polizisten waren am chinesischen Nationalfeiertag im Einsatz, um die erwarteten Proteste der Demokratiebewegung in Hongkong in … Two sources cautioned that an announcement could still be delayed until later in the week. [258] Although the vast majority of the population is ethnically Chinese, Hong Kong has developed a distinct identity. Dishes include congee, cha siu bao, siu yuk, egg tarts, and mango pudding. Während des 2. The remaining population purport mixed identities, 23 per cent as "Hongkonger in China" and 12 per cent as "Chinese in Hong Kong". [3] Code-switching, mixing English and Cantonese in informal conversation, is common among the bilingual population. [17] By the end of this war, Hong Kong had evolved from a transient colonial outpost into a major entrepôt. The move also raised further alarm among western democracies. [169] Other distinctive buildings lining the Hong Kong Island skyline include the HSBC Main Building, the anemometer-topped triangular Central Plaza, the circular Hopewell Centre, and the sharp-edged Bank of China Tower. [18] The University of Hong Kong was established in 1911 as the territory's first institution of higher education. [132], Hong Kong is governed by a hybrid regime that is not fully representative of the population. [241] Ferries also serve outlying islands inaccessible by other means. [281] The publicly funded Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, the territory's oldest professional symphony orchestra, frequently host musicians and conductors from overseas. [232] Vehicle traffic is extremely congested in urban areas, exacerbated by limited space to expand roads and an increasing number of vehicles. The 30 limited electorate functional constituencies fill their seats using first-past-the-post or instant-runoff voting. [246] Hong Kong Tramways covers a portion of Hong Kong Island. Action to be taken against at least a dozen officials over the disqualification of Hong Kong legislators, Reuters says. Broadband Internet access is widely available, with 92.6 per cent of households connected. China lashed out at the U.S. on Tuesday over new American sanctions against Chinese officials for their actions in Hong Kong, along with the sale of more U.S. military equipment to Taiwan, moves touching on two of the most sensitive issues in the increasingly contentious relationship between the nations. [170] Bagua mirrors are regularly used to deflect evil spirits,[266] and buildings often lack floor numbers with a 4;[267] the number has a similar sound to the word for "die" in Cantonese. The US official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said multiple individuals would be sanctioned. [40][41], Earliest known human traces in Hong Kong are dated by some to 35,000 and 39,000 years ago during the Paleolithic period. [208][209] The territory's GDP relative to mainland China's peaked at 27 per cent in 1993; it fell to less than three per cent in 2017, as the mainland developed and liberalised its economy. [7], Chinese national law does not generally apply in the region and Hong Kong is treated as a separate jurisdiction. [31], The name of the territory, first romanised as "He-Ong-Kong" in 1780,[34] originally referred to a small inlet located between Aberdeen Island and the southern coast of Hong Kong Island. Largest cities or municipalities in the People's Republic of China, [hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y], [hœ̂ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ tɐ̀k̚.pìːt̚ hɐ̏ŋ.tsēŋ.kʰɵ́y], the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Independent Commission Against Corruption, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR, Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, 14th most popular destination for international tourists, Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System, eighth-busiest airport by passenger traffic, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Hong Kong Link Road, Legislative Council Disclaimer and Copyright Notice, "Survey and Mapping Office – Circulars and Publications", "Population - Overview | Census and Statistics Department", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", UN Human Development Indices and Indicators 2018, Technical Legislative Amendments on Traffic Arrangements for the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge 2017, "World's Richest Cities: The Top 10 Cities Billionaires Call Home", "Country Comparison: GDP (Purchasing Power Parity)", Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "Aquilaria sinensis and origin of the name of Hong Kong", "The Petrology of the Wong Tei Tung Stone Tool Manufacturing Site, Sham Chung, Hong Kong Sar, China", "Pro-China Party Appears Big Loser in Hong Kong Election". [308], Hong Kong's major English-language newspaper is the South China Morning Post, with The Standard serving as a business-oriented alternative. [110] However, mainland criminal procedure law applies to cases investigated by the Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR. [280], Western classical music has historically had a strong presence in Hong Kong, and remains a large part of local musical education. [166] The lack of available space restricted development to high-density residential tenements and commercial complexes packed closely together on buildable land. [73] Diplomatic negotiations with China resulted in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, in which the United Kingdom agreed to transfer the colony in 1997 and China would guarantee Hong Kong's economic and political systems for 50 years after the transfer. [219], The government has had a passive role in the economy. Immer mehr Menschen zieht es in die aufstrebende Wirtschaftsmetropole. [217] The city has the second-highest number of corporate headquarters in the Asia-Pacific region. [265] Spiritual concepts such as feng shui are observed; large-scale construction projects often hire consultants to ensure proper building positioning and layout. The principle of “one country, two systems” allows for the coexistence of socialism and capitalism under “one country,” which is mainland China. [205] Agricultural activity is 0.1% of GDP, and consists of growing premium food and flower varieties. Hong Kong wealth gap hits record high", "Veterans who fled mainland for Hong Kong in 1970s tell their stories", "Hong Kong's heritage sites face continued threat despite government grading system", "Another Hong Kong election, another pro-Beijing leader—why it matters", "These 25 countries have the most billionaires", "Asian Cup: Know Your History – Part One (1956–1988)", "Hong Kong Activists Stare Down 'Great Firewall of China, "Here Be Dragons: How Feng Shui Shapes the Skyline of Hong Kong", "Hong Kong during World War II: A Transnational Battlefield", "Hong Kong's Stock Market Tells the Story of China's Growing Dominance", "Meanings of Right of Abode and Other Terms", World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Hong Kong, claimed by the People's Republic of China, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China, Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hong_Kong&oldid=992999459, Chinese-speaking countries and territories, English-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1997, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Hong Kong English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, All articles with links needing disambiguation, Articles with links needing disambiguation from December 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from December 2018, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Officially the Republic of China, participates as ", This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 06:52. [3] Slightly over half the population (53.2 per cent) speaks English, the other official language;[2] 4.3 per cent are native speakers, and 48.9 per cent speak English as a second language. Sie liegt in einem besonderen Gebiet, in dem andere Regeln gelten als im Rest von China. All travellers between Hong Kong and China and Macau must pass through border controls, regardless of nationality. [24] Hong Kong is home to the second-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world,[25] the highest number of billionaires of any city in Asia, and the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world. [142][143][144][145], The Joint Declaration guarantees the Basic Law for 50 years after the transfer of sovereignty. Wegen der geringen Steuern und Zölle verlegen viele in China tätige britische Unternehmen ihren Sitz nach Hongkong. There are a total of 479 district council seats, 452 of which are directly elected. The incense was stored near Aberdeen Harbour for export before Victoria Harbour developed. [105] All popularly elected members are chosen by proportional representation. [139][140] Foreign domestic helpers, predominantly women from the Philippines and Indonesia, have little protection under regional law. [177], Tong lau, mixed-use tenement buildings constructed during the colonial era, blended southern Chinese architectural styles with European influences. With over 7.5 million residents of various nationalities[d] in a 1,104-square-kilometre (426 sq mi) territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong has the world's largest number of skyscrapers, with 317 towers taller than 150 metres (490 ft),[30] and the third-largest number of high-rise buildings in the world. [3] Traditional Chinese characters are used in writing, rather than the simplified characters used on the mainland. [251], With few natural lakes and rivers, high population density, inaccessible groundwater sources, and extremely seasonal rainfall, the territory does not have a reliable source of freshwater. Hong Kong is a part of China, but it has a unique history that affects the way people from Hong Kong (also known as Hongkongers) interact with and perceive the mainland today. [185] Headline population density of about 6,800 people/km2 does not reflect true densities since only 6.9% of land is residential, the residential average population density calculates closer to a highly cramped 100,000/km2. Washington has already put sanctions on Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam, the territory’s current leader and former police chiefs and other top officials in August for what it said was their role in curtailing freedoms in a crackdown on the territory’s pro-democracy movement. [245] The Central and Western District has an extensive system of escalators and moving pavements, including the Mid-Levels escalator (the world's longest outdoor covered escalator system).